More user-friendly return value in the pagelet API.

matemat/exceptions/AuthenticatonError.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 from typing import Optional
 
 
-class AuthenticationError(BaseException):
+class AuthenticationError(Exception):
 
     def __init__(self, msg: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         super().__init__()

matemat/exceptions/HttpException.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+class HttpException(Exception):
+
+    def __init__(self, status: int = 500, title: str = 'An error occurred', message: str = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.__status: int = status
+        self.__title: str = title
+        self.__message: str = message
+
+    @property
+    def status(self) -> int:
+        return self.__status
+
+    @property
+    def title(self) -> str:
+        return self.__title
+
+    @property
+    def message(self) -> str:
+        return self.__message

matemat/exceptions/__init__.py

@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ This package provides custom exception classes used in the Matemat codebase.
 
 from .AuthenticatonError import AuthenticationError
 from .DatabaseConsistencyError import DatabaseConsistencyError
+from .HttpException import HttpException

matemat/webserver/httpd.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Tuple, Union
 
 import traceback
 
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ from uuid import uuid4
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 
 from matemat import __version__ as matemat_version
+from matemat.exceptions import HttpException
 from matemat.webserver import RequestArguments
 from matemat.webserver.util import parse_args
 
-
 #
 # Python internal class hacks
 #
@@ -27,15 +27,16 @@ TCPServer.address_family = socket.AF_INET6
 BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_request = lambda self, code='-', size='-': None
 BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_error = lambda self, fstring='', *args: None
 
-
 # Dictionary to hold registered pagelet paths and their handler functions
 _PAGELET_PATHS: Dict[str, Callable[[str,  # HTTP method (GET, POST, ...)
                                     str,  # Request path
                                     RequestArguments,  # HTTP Request arguments
                                     Dict[str, Any],  # Session vars
                                     Dict[str, str]],  # Response headers
-                                   Tuple[int, Union[bytes, str]]]] = dict()  # Returns: (status code, response body)
+                                   Union[  # Return type: either a response body, or a redirect
-
+                                       bytes, str,  # Response body: will assign HTTP/1.0 200 OK
+                                       Tuple[int, str]  # Redirect: First element must be 301, second the redirect path
+                                   ]]] = dict()
 
 # Inactivity timeout for client sessions
 _SESSION_TIMEOUT: int = 3600
@@ -54,15 +55,17 @@ def pagelet(path: str):
          args: RequestArguments,
          session_vars: Dict[str, Any],
          headers: Dict[str, str])
-        -> (int, Optional[Union[str, bytes]])
+        -> Union[bytes, str, Tuple[int, str]]
 
         method:       The HTTP method (GET, POST) that was used.
         path:         The path that was requested.
         args:         The arguments that were passed with the request (as GET or POST arguments).
         session_vars: The session storage.  May be read from and written to.
         headers:      The dictionary of HTTP response headers.  Add headers you wish to send with the response.
-        returns:      A tuple consisting of the HTTP status code (as an int) and the response body (as str or bytes,
+        returns:      One of the following:
-                      may be None)
+                        - A HTTP Response body as str or bytes
+                        - A HTTP redirect: A tuple of 301 (an int) and the path to redirect to (a str)
+        raises:       HttpException: If a non-200 HTTP status code should be returned
 
     :param path: The path to register the function for.
     """
@@ -72,11 +75,15 @@ def pagelet(path: str):
                                     RequestArguments,
                                     Dict[str, Any],
                                     Dict[str, str]],
-                                   Tuple[int, Optional[Union[bytes, str]]]]):
+                                   Union[
+                                       bytes, str,
+                                       Tuple[int, str]
+                                   ]]):
         # Add the function to the dict of pagelets
         _PAGELET_PATHS[path] = fun
         # Don't change the function itself at all
         return fun
+
     # Return the inner function (Python requires a "real" function annotation to not have any arguments except
     # the function itself)
     return http_handler
@@ -167,7 +174,7 @@ class HttpHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
         if session_id not in self.server.session_vars:
             self.server.session_vars[session_id] = (now + timedelta(seconds=_SESSION_TIMEOUT)), dict()
         else:
-            self.server.session_vars[session_id] =\
+            self.server.session_vars[session_id] = \
                 (now + timedelta(seconds=_SESSION_TIMEOUT), self.server.session_vars[session_id][1])
         # Return the session ID and timeout
         return session_id, self.server.session_vars[session_id][0]
@@ -181,6 +188,45 @@ class HttpHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
         if session_id in self.server.session_vars:
             del self.server.session_vars[session_id]
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_pagelet_result(pagelet_res: Union[bytes, str, Tuple[int, str]], headers: Dict[str, str]) \
+            -> Tuple[int, bytes]:
+        """
+        Process the return value of a pagelet function call.
+
+        :param pagelet_res: The pagelet return value.
+        :param headers: The dict of HTTP response headers, needed for setting the redirect header.
+        :return: The HTTP Response status code (an int) and body (a bytes).
+        :raises TypeError: If the pagelet result was not in the expected form.
+        """
+        # The HTTP Response Status Code, defaults to 200 OK
+        hsc: int = 200
+        # The HTTP Response body, defaults to None
+        data: Union[bytes, str] = None
+        if isinstance(pagelet_res, tuple):
+            # If the return type is a tuple, the first element must be 301 (the HTTP Redirect status code)
+            head, tail = pagelet_res
+            if head == 301:
+                # Set the HTTP Response Status Code, and the redirect header
+                hsc = 301
+                headers['Location'] = tail
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(f'Return value of pagelet not understood: {pagelet_res}')
+        elif isinstance(pagelet_res, str) or isinstance(pagelet_res, bytes):
+            # Return value is a response body
+            data = pagelet_res
+        else:
+            # Return value is not a response body or a redirect
+            raise TypeError(f'Return value of pagelet not understood: {pagelet_res}')
+        # The pagelet may return None as data as a shorthand for an empty response
+        if data is None:
+            data = bytes()
+        # If the pagelet returns a Python str, convert it to an UTF-8 encoded bytes object
+        if isinstance(data, str):
+            data = data.encode('utf-8')
+        # Return the resulting status code and body
+        return hsc, data
+
     def _handle(self, method: str, path: str, args: RequestArguments) -> None:
         """
         Handle a HTTP request by either dispatching it to the appropriate pagelet or by serving a static resource.
@@ -209,13 +255,9 @@ class HttpHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
                 'Cache-Control': 'no-cache'
             }
             # Call the pagelet function
-            hsc, data = _PAGELET_PATHS[path](method, path, args, self.session_vars, headers)
+            pagelet_res = _PAGELET_PATHS[path](method, path, args, self.session_vars, headers)
-            # The pagelet may return None as data as a shorthand for an empty response
+            # Parse the pagelet's return value, vielding a HTTP status code and a response body
-            if data is None:
+            hsc, data = HttpHandler._parse_pagelet_result(pagelet_res, headers)
-                data = bytes()
-            # If the pagelet returns a Python str, convert it to an UTF-8 encoded bytes object
-            if isinstance(data, str):
-                data = data.encode('utf-8')
             # Send the HTTP status code
             self.send_response(hsc)
             # Format the session cookie timeout string and send the session cookie header
@@ -272,16 +314,18 @@ class HttpHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
             path, args = parse_args(self.path)
             self._handle('GET', path, args)
         # Special handling for some errors
+        except HttpException as e:
+            self.send_error(e.status, e.title, e.message)
         except PermissionError:
-            self.send_response(403, 'Forbidden')
+            self.send_error(403, 'Forbidden')
-            self.end_headers()
         except ValueError:
-            self.send_response(400, 'Bad Request')
+            self.send_error(400, 'Bad Request')
-            self.end_headers()
+        except BaseException as e:
-        except BaseException:
             # Generic error handling
-            self.send_response(500, 'Internal Server Error')
+            self.send_error(500, 'Internal Server Error')
-            self.end_headers()
+            print(e)
+
+            traceback.print_tb(e.__traceback__)
 
     # noinspection PyPep8Naming
     def do_POST(self) -> None:
@@ -299,19 +343,15 @@ class HttpHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
             # Parse the request and hand it to the handle function
             self._handle('POST', path, args)
         # Special handling for some errors
+        except HttpException as e:
+            self.send_error(e.status, e.title, e.message)
         except PermissionError:
-            self.send_response(403, 'Forbidden')
+            self.send_error(403, 'Forbidden')
-            self.end_headers()
         except ValueError:
-            self.send_response(400, 'Bad Request')
+            self.send_error(400, 'Bad Request')
-            self.end_headers()
-        except TypeError:
-            self.send_response(400, 'Bad Request')
-            self.end_headers()
         except BaseException as e:
             # Generic error handling
-            self.send_response(500, 'Internal Server Error')
+            self.send_error(500, 'Internal Server Error')
-            self.end_headers()
             print(e)
             traceback.print_tb(e.__traceback__)
 

matemat/webserver/pagelets/login.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, Dict, Tuple, Union
 
-from matemat.exceptions import AuthenticationError
+from matemat.exceptions import AuthenticationError, HttpException
 from matemat.webserver import pagelet, RequestArguments
 from matemat.primitives import User
 from matemat.db import MatematDatabase
@@ -13,10 +13,9 @@ def login_page(method: str,
                args: RequestArguments,
                session_vars: Dict[str, Any],
                headers: Dict[str, str])\
-        -> Tuple[int, Optional[Union[str, bytes]]]:
+        -> Union[bytes, str, Tuple[int, str]]:
     if 'user' in session_vars:
-        headers['Location'] = '/'
+        return 301, '/'
-        return 301, None
     if method == 'GET':
         data = '''
         <DOCTYPE html>
@@ -41,15 +40,13 @@ def login_page(method: str,
             </body>
         </html>
         '''
-        return 200, data.format(msg=str(args.msg) if 'msg' in args else '')
+        return data.format(msg=str(args.msg) if 'msg' in args else '')
     elif method == 'POST':
         with MatematDatabase('test.db') as db:
             try:
                 user: User = db.login(str(args.username), str(args.password))
             except AuthenticationError:
-                headers['Location'] = '/login?msg=Username%20or%20password%20wrong.%20Please%20try%20again.'
+                return 301, '/login?msg=Username%20or%20password%20wrong.%20Please%20try%20again.'
-                return 301, bytes()
             session_vars['user'] = user
-        headers['Location'] = '/'
+        return 301, '/'
-        return 301, bytes()
+    raise HttpException(405)
-    return 405, None

matemat/webserver/pagelets/logout.py

@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ def logout(method: str,
            args: RequestArguments,
            session_vars: Dict[str, Any],
            headers: Dict[str, str])\
-        -> Tuple[int, Optional[Union[str, bytes]]]:
+        -> Union[bytes, str, Tuple[int, str]]:
     if 'user' in session_vars:
         del session_vars['user']
-    headers['Location'] = '/'
+    return 301, '/'
-    return 301, None

matemat/webserver/pagelets/main.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def main_page(method: str,
               args: RequestArguments,
               session_vars: Dict[str, Any],
               headers: Dict[str, str])\
-        -> Tuple[int, Optional[Union[str, bytes]]]:
+        -> Union[bytes, str, Tuple[int, str]]:
     data = '''
     <DOCTYPE html>
     <html>
@@ -34,24 +34,19 @@ def main_page(method: str,
         </body>
     </html>
     '''
-    try:
+    with MatematDatabase('test.db') as db:
-        with MatematDatabase('test.db') as db:
+        if 'user' in session_vars:
-            if 'user' in session_vars:
+            user: User = session_vars['user']
-                user: User = session_vars['user']
+            products = db.list_products()
-                products = db.list_products()
+            plist = '\n'.join([f'<li/> <b>{p.name}</b> ' +
-                plist = '\n'.join([f'<li/> <b>{p.name}</b> ' +
+                               f'{p.price_member//100 if user.is_member else p.price_non_member//100}' +
-                                   f'{p.price_member//100 if user.is_member else p.price_non_member//100}' +
+                               f'.{p.price_member%100 if user.is_member else p.price_non_member%100}'
-                                   f'.{p.price_member%100 if user.is_member else p.price_non_member%100}'
+                               for p in products])
-                                   for p in products])
+            uname = f'<b>{user.name}</b> <a href="/logout">(Logout)</a>'
-                uname = f'<b>{user.name}</b> <a href="/logout">(Logout)</a>'
+            data = data.format(user=uname, list=plist)
-                data = data.format(user=uname, list=plist)
+        else:
-            else:
+            users = db.list_users()
-                users = db.list_users()
+            ulist = '\n'.join([f'<li/> <b><a href=/touchkey?username={u.name}>{u.name}</a></b>' for u in users])
-                ulist = '\n'.join([f'<li/> <b><a href=/touchkey?username={u.name}>{u.name}</a></b>' for u in users])
+            ulist = ulist + '<li/> <a href=/login>Password login</a>'
-                ulist = ulist + '<li/> <a href=/login>Password login</a>'
+            data = data.format(user='', list=ulist)
-                data = data.format(user='', list=ulist)
+    return data
-        return 200, data
-    except BaseException as e:
-        import traceback
-        traceback.print_tb(e.__traceback__)
-        return 500, None

matemat/webserver/pagelets/touchkey.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, Dict, Tuple, Union
 
-from matemat.exceptions import AuthenticationError
+from matemat.exceptions import AuthenticationError, HttpException
 from matemat.webserver import pagelet, RequestArguments
 from matemat.primitives import User
 from matemat.db import MatematDatabase
@@ -13,10 +13,9 @@ def touchkey_page(method: str,
                   args: RequestArguments,
                   session_vars: Dict[str, Any],
                   headers: Dict[str, str])\
-        -> Tuple[int, Optional[Union[str, bytes]]]:
+        -> Union[bytes, str, Tuple[int, str]]:
     if 'user' in session_vars:
-        headers['Location'] = '/'
+        return 301, '/'
-        return 301, bytes()
     if method == 'GET':
         data = '''
         <DOCTYPE html>
@@ -40,15 +39,13 @@ def touchkey_page(method: str,
             </body>
         </html>
         '''
-        return 200, data.format(username=str(args.username) if 'username' in args else '')
+        return data.format(username=str(args.username) if 'username' in args else '')
     elif method == 'POST':
         with MatematDatabase('test.db') as db:
             try:
                 user: User = db.login(str(args.username), touchkey=str(args.touchkey))
             except AuthenticationError:
-                headers['Location'] = f'/touchkey?username={args["username"]}&msg=Please%20try%20again.'
+                return 301, f'/touchkey?username={args["username"]}&msg=Please%20try%20again.'
-                return 301, bytes()
             session_vars['user'] = user
-        headers['Location'] = '/'
+        return 301, '/'
-        return 301, None
+    raise HttpException(405)
-    return 405, None

matemat/webserver/test/abstract_httpd_test.py

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ class HttpResponse:
     """
     A really basic HTTP response container and parser class, just good enough for unit testing a HTTP server, if even.
 
+    DO NOT USE THIS OUTSIDE UNIT TESTING!
+
     Usage:
         response = HttpResponse()
         while response.parse_phase != 'done'
@@ -161,16 +163,16 @@ def test_pagelet(path: str):
                                             RequestArguments,
                                             Dict[str, Any],
                                             Dict[str, str]],
-                                           Tuple[int, Union[bytes, str]]]):
+                                           Union[bytes, str, Tuple[int, str]]]):
         @pagelet(path)
         def testing_wrapper(method: str,
                             path: str,
                             args: RequestArguments,
                             session_vars: Dict[str, Any],
                             headers: Dict[str, str]):
-            status, body = fun(method, path, args, session_vars, headers)
             headers['X-Test-Pagelet'] = fun.__name__
-            return status, body
+            result = fun(method, path, args, session_vars, headers)
+            return result
         return testing_wrapper
     return with_testing_headers
 

matemat/webserver/test/test_post.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def post_test_pagelet(method: str,
                 dump += f'{a.name}: {a.get_str()}\n'
             else:
                 dump += f'{a.name}: {codecs.encode(a.get_bytes(), "hex").decode("utf-8")}\n'
-    return 200, dump
+    return dump
 
 
 class TestPost(AbstractHttpdTest):

matemat/webserver/test/test_serve.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from typing import Any, Dict
 
 import os
 import os.path
+from matemat.exceptions import HttpException
 from matemat.webserver import HttpHandler, RequestArguments
 from matemat.webserver.test.abstract_httpd_test import AbstractHttpdTest, test_pagelet
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ def serve_test_pagelet_ok(method: str,
                           session_vars: Dict[str, Any],
                           headers: Dict[str, str]):
     headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
-    return 200, 'serve test pagelet ok'
+    return 'serve test pagelet ok'
 
 
 @test_pagelet('/just/testing/serve_pagelet_fail')
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ def serve_test_pagelet_fail(method: str,
                             headers: Dict[str, str]):
     session_vars['test'] = 'hello, world!'
     headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
-    return 500, 'serve test pagelet fail'
+    raise HttpException()
 
 
 class TestServe(AbstractHttpdTest):
@@ -62,11 +63,8 @@ class TestServe(AbstractHttpdTest):
         HttpHandler(self.client_sock, ('::1', 45678), self.server)
         packet = self.client_sock.get_response()
 
-        # Make sure the correct pagelet was called
+        # Make sure an error is raised
-        self.assertEqual('serve_test_pagelet_fail', packet.pagelet)
-        # Make sure the expected content is served
         self.assertEqual(500, packet.statuscode)
-        self.assertEqual(b'serve test pagelet fail', packet.body)
 
     def test_serve_static_ok(self):
         # Request a static resource

matemat/webserver/test/test_session.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def session_test_pagelet(method: str,
                          headers: Dict[str, str]):
     session_vars['test'] = 'hello, world!'
     headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
-    return 200, 'session test'
+    return 'session test'
 
 
 class TestSession(AbstractHttpdTest):